The structure of the land is formed by intrusive and sedimentary rocks which cover the former with various layers. The crystalline intrusive rocks constitute the ancient base and these can be seen mainly along the coastal strip.  Their composition varies between Quartz – “Monzoniti” and fine to coarse-grained Granite.  They contain feldspar in great quantity – sometimes with kaolin and, sometimes, in a  solid and compact form.  The white-grey granite of Capo Vaticano is studied in every geographical institute in the world as, being extremely old,  one can study events which date back millions of years. The granite of Capo Vaticano belongs to an orogenesis prior to the alpine orogenesis, possibly to the ercinica which took place 300 – 400 million years ago.